Topic · 9 games

Fluids: density, floating, and pressure

How much mass is packed into each cubic centimetre decides what sinks and what floats. Water pushes up with the weight of the water an object pushes aside, and it presses harder the deeper you go: ρ = m ÷ V, F_b = ρ·g·V, p = p₀ + ρ·g·h.

Games in this topic

9 games

PLAY NOW · 43

Density Detective: Archimedes' Crown

Lower a block, a crown, and a stone into a measuring cylinder. Read the volume from the rising water, work out ρ = m ÷ V, and find out whether the king's crown is pure gold.

DensityArchimedes
Play Density Detective
Density
ρ = m ÷ V
Volume from water
V = V₁ − V₀

PLAY NOW · 44

Barge Load: Archimedes' Principle

A floating barge sinks until the water it pushes aside weighs as much as it does. Predict its waterline, load it to the brim without flooding, and find out why steel boats float.

BuoyancyFloating
Play Barge Load
Buoyancy
F_b = ρ·g·V
Draft
d = M ÷ (ρ·A)

PLAY NOW · 45

Deep Dive: Pressure under Water

Every 10 m of seawater adds about one atmosphere. Read a submarine's gauge, find the deepest dive its hull can take, and see why fresh water lets it go a little deeper.

PressureDepth
Play Deep Dive
Pressure
p = p₀ + ρ·g·h
Force on a surface
F = Δp·A

PLAY NOW · 46

Weighed Under Water: What the Scale Loses

Hang a stone from a spring scale and lower it into a can full to the spout. The scale loses exactly the weight of the water that spills out. Use it to find volumes, densities, and depths, in water and in oil.

Archimedes' principleBuoyancy
Play Weighed Under Water
Buoyancy
F_b = ρ·g·V
Scale reading
R = W − F_b

PLAY NOW · 47

Balloon Lift: Archimedes in the Air

Air pushes up too, with the weight of the air a balloon pushes aside. Count party balloons for a toy, load and heat a hot-air balloon, fly from a mountain, and lift a person on helium.

Archimedes' principleBuoyancy in air
Play Balloon Lift
Lift
F = (ρ_air − ρ_in)·g·V
Hot air
ρ·T = const

PLAY NOW · 48

Torricelli's Tube: Weighing the Air

Turn a tube of mercury upside down and watch the air hold up a 760 mm column. Find the air pressure on a mountain, and why a suction pump can't lift water more than about 10 m.

Air pressureBarometer
Play Torricelli's Tube
Barometer
p = ρ·g·h
Column height
h = p ÷ (ρ·g)

PLAY NOW · 50

Hydraulic Lift: Pascal's Principle

Oil passes pressure on to every part of a lift, so a small push on a small piston lifts a car on a big one. Find the push, the piston sizes, and the long way the small piston has to travel.

Pascal's principleHydraulics
Play Hydraulic Lift
Same pressure
F₁ ÷ A₁ = F₂ ÷ A₂
Same volume
A₁·d₁ = A₂·d₂

PLAY NOW · 51

Pascal's Barrel: a Cupful Bursts a Lid

Pour a little water into a tall thin tube on a sealed barrel and the pressure reaches every wall. Find the height that pops the lid, see why the tube's width doesn't matter, and push a cork into a bottle.

Pascal's principlePressure
Play Pascal's Barrel
Extra pressure
Δp = ρ·g·h
Force on a surface
F = Δp·A

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